Mining Classroom

In mining industries wire ropes are widely used for different purposes. To perform different tasks, ropes having different qualities (strength, flexibility, galvanisation and other). Before using the wire rope in mining industries it subjected to under go many tests. They are... 1. Tensile test 2. Bending Test 3. Wrapping Test 4 Torsional Test 5. Looping Test Types of Rope according to use.. The ropes are divided in two types according to use .. 1. Standing Rope :- The ropes which is not use for running purposes.. Ex:- Guy Rope, Guide Rope etc.. 2. Running Rope :- As name indicates it is use for running purposes.. Ex.:- Winding, Haulage, Craning etc.. On the basis of construction wire ropes are divided in to two types.. 1. Stranded Ropes 2. Non-Stranded Ropes Now, below you can know a details about the both types of constructions... 1.The meaning of stranded rope is, it is made-up of strands and the strands are made-up of number of concentrically twisted wire wh

Opencast Mining is a Mining which open to sky. This mining is also called open-pit, quarry, strip mining. This mining is much easier than Underground mining. It is involves in removing of the upper layer of alluvium or rocks or both to reach the Mineral bed. In this method the minerals are completely removed. Further it is done in the following types... 1. Manual Quarrying :- The manual labour are employed who drills holes form 1.2m to 1.8m and 37mm of diameter by handheld drillers. The low explosive like gun-powder are used. The loading is to do by manual loader into tubs. The rope haulage or locomotives are used for transportation. 2. Mechanised Opencast :- In this method the holes are of 6m to 18m deep and diameter of 125mm to 250mm. Higher explosives (Liquid oxygen, opencast gelatin etc.) are used. The transportation is by the mean of locomotives, belt conveyor or dumpers are used. In mechanised Opencast mining huge machine are use. They are dragline, bucket wheel excavato

In underground mining ventilation is a necessary part. The purpose of ventilation is to full-fill the supply of oxygen for the working of men and machinery. It also clears the fumes, fogs or damps from the underground mines. We can say the working of mines is directly depends upon this. So let's know more details.... Fan ventilation system by a duct There are two main routes of ventilation 1. Intake :- The intake is the path from where the atmospheric air enters to mines. Intake air is fresh air because it comes directly from the atmosphere. 2. Return :- It is the path from where the contaminated air comes out from the mines. The contamination are of dust, firedamp, CO and also other types of fumes in small percentage. That's why it is necessary to check the presence of different gases on regular basis by which you can predict the emission of different types of gases. These are main routes but there are many sub routes are divided in Mines. These sub routes use

In this post we will discuss about the rest type of Rope Haulage system...So read it to the last.... B. Endless Rope Haulage system :- As the name indicates "endless" means an endless Rope passes from driving drum which is located at the out bye end of the haulage road to the in bye end via a tension bogey. In endless Rope haulage, two parallel tracks are required. The loaded tubs are on one track and the empties are on the other track. The loaded tubs and the empty tubs are attached at regular intervals. At a time only one tubs is attached but by the use of lashing chain, attachment of a set of tubs are made. For attachment or detachment of a tub, the clip is use( when the rope is in motion). • Gradient Required :- 1 in 6. • Speed of Rope :- From 3km/h to 7 km/h. • Motion of Rope is in one direction. •  Motor used :- Squirrel cage. Disadvantages:-  • It covers wide area for installation as two      tacks are required. • If there is any big problem is arises in

Day to day the mines are growing... In earlier days there were labours employed for transportation purposes but now the many machineries are employed to increase production. Now we will discuss different types of haulage system.. Rope haulage, Belt conveyor and chain conveyor are mode of transportation in Mines. In coal mines the use of locomotives are on small scale, but it's a standard practise in underground multifarious mines. Below are the methods of transportation 1.Rope Haulage Mainly the rope haulage is divided in to four types. We will discuss one by one... A.Direct Rope Haulage:- In this haulage system, the tubs are attached with rope at both end. The empty tub travel down wards by their own weight and due to gradient. As cleared above that there is no need of power from engine to downward travelling. This system can be employed for branch road as tubs travel by their own weight. • Gradient:- 1 in 10 • Speed :- 8 to 12 km/h • Branch Road deviation angle :

In this post you will get some knowledge about the mining methods. Let's start... The mining is generally divided into two types... 1.Opencast Mining              & 2.Underground Mining Further the underground mining is mainly divided into two types... They are a.Board and Pillar mining                                    &                  b.Longwall Mining                     Opencast Mining The opencast mining is that type of mining which is directly open to sky or every work is done directly under to the roof of sky. The working of opencast mining involves the formation of bench and the supervision of work is easy.                   Underground Mining The working which is below the ground surface is called underground mining method. As above stated the underground mining is mainly divided into two types  1.Board and pillar:- In this method of Mining the working involves the formation of boards and pillars(which supports roof). 2.Longwall :- In this m

                Spontaneous Heating Definition:- The process of self heating of coal or other carbonaceous matter which results ignition is called Spontaneous heating. The term spontaneous heating generally used for the coal whereas it is rare to the other materials. Process of Self Heating The exposed coal to air starts absorbing oxygen and the chemical reaction starts which leads to the evolution of CO ,  CO 2,   water vapour and heat. The process is very slow and the heat is not perceptible. This slow process slightly rise up due to rise in temperature and due to this the other part of coal become ready for oxidation. This slower process reaches a stage where temperature reaches the ignition point and the coal catches fire. *It is necessary to take air sample constantly of return air, if any increase in CO percentage is detected then there is need of investigation.                    Incubation Period The Incubation Period is the time in which the coal has to be extract

Drager Multigas Detector is very convenient and handy instrument. It is use for the detection of CO and also other gases. When CO is to be detected, a tube containing chemical and marked CO. Before fitting the tube in the pump the seal has to break. The air is pumped to the prescribed number of times(1 to 10). When CO enters the tube, the chemical change occurs which changes the Colour and percentage of CO can be directly unidentified in the tube. The tubes are not reusable and the life of tube is 2 years. The minimum percentage of CO can be detected is 5ppm.

As we know that carbon Monoxide is most dangerous gas. Largely found after the explosion. So it is important to know the presence of CO... In previously CO was mainly detected by the Munia bird or Mouse but now there are many detectors are present to know the CO percentage. Working of Detector The detectors are based on the chemical reaction of CO with certain types chemicals.The chemicals are kept in the detector tube which are sealed at both end and should be used before the expire of chemical.The seals are broken before the use. After breaking, the tube is inserted into aspirator which draws the mines air. The change in colour of chemical confirms the presence of CO. The colour is compared with the colour chart which shows the percentage of CO. Types of CO detector 1. P.S. detector In this detector the tube contains silica gel impregnated with light yellow potassium palladium sulphide and the presence of silica gel at the both ends which absorbs other gases due to this