Mining Classroom

Detonator:- It is a small tube of copper or aluminium having a small auxiliary charge of special explosive. Reaction in Detonator is initiated by flame or electric current. After explosion detonator provides sufficient intensity to ignite explosive. These are the types of detonator.. 1. Plain detonator:- It is also called ordinary detonator. These detonators are fired by safety fuse, spark or spit. Plain detonators are of aluminium tube having 6mm diameter and 50mm length. The is filled by A.S.A(1/3)  and P.E.T.N. A.S.A is primary composition which initiate base charge called P.E.T.N which is a powerful explosive. And 2. Ordinary electric detonator :- These detonators are fired by using electricity. In this detonator the primary charge and base charge are same as plain detonator but these are fired by the passage of current thorough fuse head. Further they are divided as:- ¡. Low tension detonator ¡¡. High tension detonator 3. Delay detonator:- These are essentially l...

INTRODUCTION Longwall Mining Method is a very popular method of Coal Mining. It is widely in all over the word. In this method, mining is done below the ground by forming a long face(60 to 200m). The production of Longwall Mining Method is by Shearer Machine. It is maintain a continuous line of advancement leaving behind a goaf or void. The roof is supported by packing the packing of stand or other crushed stone(partially or completely) to prevent collapse. Only a few meter is left from face (up-to 3 to 6m) and it is supported by timber, steel props, bars or chocks.  ADVANCING I n Longwall Advancing, the extraction of coal is from the vicinity of shaft and advance towards the boundary of mine. Face is approached by parallel roads. The over may support by sand or pack wall or allow to cave in. RETREATING  In Longwall Retreating pair of headings are in solid coal at certain interval to the pre-determined boundary. The extraction of coal is from the bo...

Bord and Pillar Method of mining involves in the formation of roadways and the development of Mines. The first stage of working of Bord and Pillar Method is Called Development. In the development stage parallel roads are driven nearly at right angle to the first set. These roads are also use to join the separated coal blocks. The network of roads regularly increases as development of the mine. The second stage of working of Board and Pillar Method  of mining is called Depillaring. The Depillaring can be understood by It's name(De-Pillaring). In Depillaring the working involves in the extraction of coal from the Pillars. These are two stages of this mining method. The another name of Bord and Pillar method is "Pillar and Stall". For the application of Bord and Pillar Method there are some conditions to be full filled. Conditions are.... •The thickness of seam seam should be more than 1.5m. •There is less amount of dirt bands present in seams. •Se...

Before firing a shot, it is important to drill holes and drill holes are followed by different Drilling Patterns. The selection of Drilling Patterns are different to satisfy the different conditions. So now we will know the different Drilling Patterns which are used(one by one). • Drilling Patterns are also known as shot-hole patterns. 1. Pyramid or Cone cut :-  In this type of drilling the pattern of holes something alike pyramid or cone. Pyramid cut involves the drilling of holes in centre and also at the side which meet at a point at the back. Now in modern design of cone cut involves in forming of polygon, in this also holes meet at a point with central hole. It's depth is restricted up to 60% to the width of drift. 2. Drag Cut :- It is used for smaller drift of 1.8m to 2.4m width. By making the angle so that the strata breaks along to cleavage plane. 3. Wedge Cut :- In this cut holes are drilled, whose angles are less than 45° and the centre meet along a line at...

As we know the Flame Safety Lamp having different components and the function of each component is different and also their important. So, it it important to know about every component and their function... So let's know....... 2-D of Flame Safety Lamp The above figure may not be appropriate but you can understand almost every part of lamp.. 1. Oil vessel :- It reserves oil. 2. Wick adjuster :- It is used to adjust height of wick. A pointer is passes from oil vessel and welded at the bottom of vessel. By this we can adjust height of flame without opening the lamp. 3. Wick Holder :- It is a small narrow tube. 4. Glass Holder :- It is threaded with bonnet on which the glass rests. 5. Asbestos Ring :- Two rings are use for the safety purposes which makes the glass joint leak proof. One ring is at the top of glass and other the bottom. 6. Combustion Chimney :- In combustion chimney the gases passes after the combustion. 7. Outer and Inner wire gauze :- The wire gauze i...

In mining industries wire ropes are widely used for different purposes. To perform different tasks, ropes having different qualities (strength, flexibility, galvanisation and other). Before using the wire rope in mining industries it subjected to under go many tests. They are... 1. Tensile test 2. Bending Test 3. Wrapping Test 4 Torsional Test 5. Looping Test Types of Rope according to use.. The ropes are divided in two types according to use .. 1. Standing Rope :- The ropes which is not use for running purposes.. Ex:- Guy Rope, Guide Rope etc.. 2. Running Rope :- As name indicates it is use for running purposes.. Ex.:- Winding, Haulage, Craning etc.. On the basis of construction wire ropes are divided in to two types.. 1. Stranded Ropes 2. Non-Stranded Ropes Now, below you can know a details about the both types of constructions... 1.The meaning of stranded rope is, it is made-up of strands and the strands are made-up of number of concentrically twisted wire wh...

Opencast Mining is a Mining which open to sky. This mining is also called open-pit, quarry, strip mining. This mining is much easier than Underground mining. It is involves in removing of the upper layer of alluvium or rocks or both to reach the Mineral bed. In this method the minerals are completely removed. Further it is done in the following types... 1. Manual Quarrying :- The manual labour are employed who drills holes form 1.2m to 1.8m and 37mm of diameter by handheld drillers. The low explosive like gun-powder are used. The loading is to do by manual loader into tubs. The rope haulage or locomotives are used for transportation. 2. Mechanised Opencast :- In this method the holes are of 6m to 18m deep and diameter of 125mm to 250mm. Higher explosives (Liquid oxygen, opencast gelatin etc.) are used. The transportation is by the mean of locomotives, belt conveyor or dumpers are used. In mechanised Opencast mining huge machine are use. They are dragline, bucket wheel excavato...